A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actor in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented on November 22, 2016 by the President of the United States, for her brilliant work during the Apollo missions in the 1960s. When I was the beginner they gave it to me as well. Apollo 9 tested out the lunar module and command module together in Earth orbit for the first time, and then the two spacecraft were tested again in lunar orbit for Apollo 10. Her other mid-1970s stage productions, as the producer, were The Three Sisters and House Party.[where? mystery guest on the popular Sunday night CBS-TV program. By some accounts, the astronauts had inadvertently left the rendezvous radar switch on, causing these alarms to be triggered (the claim that the radar was left on inadvertently by the astronauts is disputed by Robert Wills with the National Museum of Computing[29]). What followed next were brief messages from Apollo 11 to Robledo de Chabela in Spain; and from Spain to Houston, where Margaret was; from Houston to Robledo; and from Robledo to Apollo 11. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. She is from USA. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com. By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers.. [63] Hamilton's innovations go beyond the feats of playing an important role in getting humans to the Moon. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Margaret Hamilton Biography - Topics referred to by the same term She was best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West, and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film The Wizard of Oz.A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in . DAAAE30-02-D-1020 and DAAB07-98-D-H502/0180, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 20032004. The pipe exploded on the third take of the scene. Biography of Margaret Hamilton, American scientist, notable computer scientist who worked at NASA in support of Apollo missions. She had three grandchildren, Christopher, Scott, and Margaret. In that role, she took the lead on the software used to govern the flight dynamics of the Apollo spacecraft, which were used for six landing missions between 1969 and 1972. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Credit: Courtesy MIT Museum Margaret Hamilton's Apollo Code A brief history of the famous 1969 photo of the software that sent humans to the Moon. five.[28]. [16] She moved on to another project in the summer of 1961, and hired and trained Ellen Fetter as her replacement.[12]. A Slight Case of Murder. [4][5] The family later moved to Michigan,[6] where Margaret graduated from Hancock High School in 1954. She led a team that was tasked with developing the software for the guidance and control systems of the in-flight command and lunar modules of the Apollo missions. [11], In Boston, Hamilton initially intended to enroll in graduate study in abstract mathematics at Brandeis University. "Hamilton was honored by NASA in 2003, when she was presented a special award recognizing the value of her innovations in the Apollo software development," NASA wrote in 2016. The Opportunity of a Lifetime. In 1933, Hamilton was invited to repeat her stage role of the sarcastic daughter-in-law in the Broadway play Another Language for the MGM film version. Three minutes before the lunar lander reached the Moon's surface, several computer alarms were triggered. This brilliant mathematician, systems engineer, and computational scientist, was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. Principal Investigator, Magnetometer Instrument, Cassini Mission, This site is maintained by the Planetary Science Communications team at. "Every time the CPU approached overload, the software cleared out its entire queue of processes, restarted its functions; allowing only the highest priority ones to perform until the landing was completed," she said. Also learn how She earned most of Margaret Hamilton networth? She was born on August 17, 1936, which makes Margaret Hamilton age be 82 years old as of now. As the alarms went off and priority displays replaced normal ones, the actual switchover to new programmes behind the screens was happening "a step slower" than it would today. Hamilton also toured in many plays and musicals, even repeating her role of the Wicked Witch in specially written stage productions of The Wizard of Oz. It was July 20, 1969. New York, Click here if you want to see this biography in Spanish translation. She was 82 years old. In the episode, entitled "Triptych for a Witch," Hamilton played the title role. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo programs guidance system. In 1945, she played the domineering sister of Oz co-star Jack Haley in George White's Scandals, comically trying to prevent him from marrying actress Joan Davis, even going so far as to throw a hatchet at her. [7] Studio executives cut some of Hamilton's more frightening scenes, worrying they would frighten children too much. Hamilton was the recipient of various honours, including NASAs Exceptional Space Act Award (2003). Margaret Hamiltons income source is mostly from being a successful Actress. [Related: Apollo Coder and 'Apollo 13' Actor Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom]. But a software incident almost derailed the landing, as Hamilton recalled in a 2009 interview with MIT. Devising, writing, testing, and testing these routines was quite commendable. It is ironic that her performance as the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939) was so scary to children, because her first job was as a kindergarten teacher. She notably wrote software for a program to identify enemy aircraft. She lived in Manhattan for most of her adult life, and summered in a cottage on Cape Island, Southport, Maine. Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. '[8], Hamilton's stand-in and stunt double for the Witch, Betty Danko, also suffered an on-set accident on February 11, 1939. She was a distant cousin of Neil Hamilton, with whom she appeared in By Your Leave (1934). Qualification: BA in Mathematics with a Minor in Philosophy, College: Earlham College, University of Michigan, Profession: Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner, Known For: Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed On-board Flight Software for NASAs Apollo Space Program, James Cox Hamilton; (m. 1958; div. [54][55][56] Hamilton details how she came to make up the term "software engineering": When I first came up with the term, no one had heard of it before, at least in our world. [25], Her areas of expertise include: systems design and software development, enterprise and process modeling, development paradigm, formal systems modeling languages, system-oriented objects for systems modeling and development, automated life-cycle environments, methods for maximizing software reliability and reuse, domain analysis, correctness by built-in language properties, open-architecture techniques for robust systems, full life-cycle automation, quality assurance, seamless integration, error detection and recovery techniques, human-machine interface systems, operating systems, end-to-end testing techniques, and life-cycle management techniques. CHIMERA: A hybrid search coil and fluxgate magnetometer for small spacecraft missions, Solar Cruiser: Enabling new vistas for Heliophysics Science, Weather and Atmospheric Dynamics Focus Area Publications and Research Highlights, Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Focus Area Publications and Research Highlights, A Year in Review: New Earth Discoveries in 2018, Changes in global terrestrial water storage C, Climate change is speeding up the water cycle, Cold-intolerant plants are creeping farther north, Ice losses from Antarctica have tripled since 2012, India overtakes China as top emitter of sulfur dioxide, Linking ocean circulation and riverine carbon flux, Local land subsidence increases flood risk in San Francisco Bay, Satellites detect undiscovered penguin populations, Sea surface salinity could provide new insight into severe storms, Seeing the connection between neighboring volcanoes at depth, Warm ocean waters off Greenland put glaciers at more risk, A Year in Review: New Earth Discoveries in 2019, A Year in Review: New Earth Discoveries in 2020, Developmental, Reproductive & Evolutionary Biology Program, Experiments - Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Experiments - Developmental, Reproductive & Evolutionary Biology Program, Hardware - Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Hardware - Developmental, Reproductive & Evolutionary Biology Program, Publications - Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Publications - Developmental, Reproductive & Evolutionary Biology Program, What We Study - Cell & Molecular Biology Program, What We Study - Developmental, Reproductive & Evolutionary Biology Program. [54][60] The IEEE Software September/October 2018 issue celebrates the 50th anniversary of software engineering. Snyder, Lawrence and Henry, Ray Laura, "Fluency7 with Information Technology", Pearson, M. Hamilton, S. Zeldin (1976) "Higher order softwareA methodology for defining software". 1. Margaret Hamilton's net worth Hamilton, M.; Hackler, W. R. (2004). If the computer hadn't recognized this problem and taken recovery action, I doubt if Apollo 11 would have been the successful moon landing it was. Not because of his acceptance of the new 'term' per se, but because we had earned his and the acceptance of the others in the room as being in an engineering field in its own right. She was portrayed by Fenella Woolgar in "Judy" (2019). In one of the critical moments of the Apollo 11 mission, the Apollo Guidance Computer, together with the on-board flight software, averted an abort of the landing on the Moon. In The Paul Lynde Halloween Special (1976), she portrayed Lynde's housekeeper, reprising the Wicked Witch role, as well as introducing Lynde to the rock group Kiss. ", is co-written with astronaut Dave Williams. On August 17, 1936, Margaret Hamilton (ne Heafield) was born to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield in Paoli, Indiana. From 1961 to 1963, Hamilton worked on the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Project at the MIT Lincoln Lab,[14] where she was one of the programmers who wrote software for the prototype AN/FSQ-7 computer (the XD-1), used by the U.S. Air Force to search for possibly unfriendly aircraft. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). What are the characteristics of the Solar System? The computer (or rather the software in it) was smart enough to recognize that it was being asked to perform more tasks than it should be performing. It was a memorable day when one of the most respected hardware gurus explained to everyone in a meeting that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. Mastodon: https://qoto.org/@howellspace. The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. She often remarked about children coming up to her and asking her why she had been so mean to Dorothy. UConnToday, 23 April 2013. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. CAPE ISLAND Tour boat operators sometimes entertained their passengers by referring to Cape Island as "Witch's Island." That's because the primary resident there, during summers from 1961 to 1985, was Margaret Hamilton, the actor who played the Wicked Witch of the West and Elmira Gulch in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.. In 1986 Margaret founded the company Hamilton Technologies in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Dedication and commitment were a given. However, once there, she preferred to accept work at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), as a software developer. [20][41] They created a product called USE.IT, based on the HOS methodology they developed at MIT. Margaret Hamilton, ne Margaret Heafield, (born August 17, 1936, Paoli, Indiana, U.S.), American computer scientist who was one of the first computer software programmers; she created the term software engineer to describe her work. Margaret Hamilton had no trouble reconciling her career at NASA with her mothering role. Armstrong had no time for lengthy explanations. Mutual respect was across the board. She knew everything about these vital programs. Discover Margaret Hamilton's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. Hamilton spent six weeks recovering from the incident and refused to do any more fire-related stunts on the film set. Elizabeth is also a post-secondary instructor in communications and science since 2015. [14] On October 30, 1975, she guest-starred on the radio revival series CBS Radio Mystery Theater. According to Wired's Karen Tegan Padir: "She, along with that other early programming pioneer, COBOL inventor Grace Hopper, also deserve tremendous credit for helping to open the door for more women to enter and succeed in STEM fields like software. Margaret Hamilton Biography, Facts & Life Story. Elizabeth Howell (she/her), Ph.D., is a staff writer in the spaceflight channel since 2022 covering diversity, education and gaming as well. In 2003, she was given the NASA Exceptional Space Act Award for scientific and technical contributions. Between 1969 and 1972, the Apollo program carried out 22 missions: 19 with total success, 2 with partial success and 1 with failure. Hamilton was cast after Gale Sondergaard, who was first considered for the role, albeit as a more glamorous witch with a musical scene, declined the role when the decision was made that the witch should appear ugly.[6]. She also wrote a program for the Cambridge Air Force Research Laboratory. The solution came from a young Margaret who assured the Mission Director that she could safely ignore the two error messages. Hamilton, now an independent computer scientist, described for MIT News in 2009 her contributions to the Apollo software which last month was added in its entirety to the code-sharing site GitHub: From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission. Although Margaret planned to study abstract mathematics at Brandeis University, she accepted a job at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) while her husband attended Harvard Law School. Her son, interviewed for the 2005 DVD edition of the film, commented that Hamilton enjoyed the line so much, she sometimes used it in her real life. In 1939, Hamilton played the role of the Wicked Witch of the West, opposite Judy Garland's Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz, creating not only her most famous role, but also one of the screen's most memorable villains. There was no second chance. Hamilton played two credited roles in the famous film: Almira Gulch and the Wicked Witch of the West. Margaret Hamilton - Wikipedie This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Elizabeth's reporting includes multiple exclusives with the White House and Office of the Vice-President of the United States, an exclusive conversation with aspiring space tourist (and NSYNC bassist) Lance Bass, speaking several times with the International Space Station, witnessing five human spaceflight launches on two continents, working inside a spacesuit, and participating in a simulated Mars mission. It meant that if Aldrin, say, hit a button on the priority display too quickly, he might still get a "normal" response. At MIT, Margaret Hamilton was on the staff of the Draper Laboratory, founded in 1932 by Dr. Charles Stark Draper. Later in the decade, she was in a little-known film noir, titled Bungalow 13 (1948), in which she again costarred opposite Cromwell. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Margaret Hamilton - Biography - IMDb Throughout the 1970s, Hamilton lived in New York City's Gramercy Park neighborhood and appeared on local (and some national) public-service announcements for organizations promoting the welfare of pets. [15], Hamilton remained a lifelong friend of The Wizard of Oz castmate Ray Bolger (the scarecrow). We knew that. Check out Margaret Hamilton's Bio Now [13][14][15] Her work contributed to Lorenz's publications on chaos theory. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [16] A Republican, she supported the campaign of Dwight Eisenhower during the 1952 presidential election. In 1960, producer/director William Castle cast Hamilton as a housekeeper in his 13 Ghosts horror film, in which 12-year-old lead Charles Herbert's character taunts her about being a witch, including the final scene, in which she is holding a broom in her hand. [4] She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1955 before transferring to Earlham College, where her mother was a student;[7][8] she earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy in 1958. Margaret Hamilton | Computer Scientist - NASA Solar System Exploration A few months after filming Oz, she appeared in Babes in Arms (1939) as Jeff Steele's aunt, Martha, a society do-gooder who made it her goal to send the gang of child actors, led by Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, to a work farm. Social Media Lead: Margaret Hamilton was born in 1936 in the United States. ", /system/people/detail_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton.jpg, /system/people/list_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton_320.jpg. For this Laboratory, she developed codes for new programming routines. My Little Chickadee. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. This system played a crucial role just before the Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969. Daneman's nephew refused to meet Hamilton because even though he understood she was an actress, he thought it was still possible she really was like the character in the movie. [36], When Hamilton started using the term "software engineering" during the early Apollo missions,[57] software development was not taken seriously compared to other engineering,[58] nor was it regarded as a science. Hamilton next worked at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory (now the independent Charles Stark Draper Laboratory), which provided aeronautical technology for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). A brief history of the famous 1969 photo of the software that sent humans to the Moon. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. Computer scientist Margaret Hamilton poses for a series of photos with the Apollo guidance software she and her team developed at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. Margaret Hamilton, the woman who gave the moon to Mankind. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. [23] This included error detection and recovery software such as restarts and the Display Interface Routines (also known as the Priority Displays), which Hamilton designed and developed. I will return to work on one condition no more fireworks!" [13] Hamilton continued acting regularly until 1982; her last roles were two guest appearances as veteran journalist Thea Taft (in 1979 and 1982) on Lou Grant. "It quickly became clear that the software was not only informing everyone that there was a hardware-related problem, but that the software was compensating for it. At MIT she began programming software to predict the weather and did postgraduate work in meteorology. It then sent out an alarm, which meant to the astronaut, 'I'm overloaded with more tasks than I should be doing at this time and I'm going to keep only the more important tasks'; i.e., the ones needed for landing Actually, the computer was programmed to do more than recognize error conditions. Her husband is Paul Boynton Meserve (13 June1931 - 20 May1938)( divorced)( 1 child). Margaret Hamilton, the actress whose role as the cackling Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz unnerved generations of children, died yesterday, apparently of a heart attack, at a nursing home in Salisbury, Connecticut. [1] Her remains were cremated at Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery, and her ashes were scattered in Amenia, New York.[20]. [4] However, in mid-1959, Hamilton began working for Edward Norton Lorenz, in the meteorology department at MIT. Searching to find out more about Margaret Hamilton? The meaning of those almost mysterious codes was available to very few. Margaret Hamilton Storey (July 31, 1900 - October 18, 1960) was an American museum curator, herpetologist and ichthyologist.She worked for the Stanford University Natural History Museum for over 25 years. It was her code that enabled the human race to travel to the moon and back. At the time, computer science and software engineering were not yet established disciplines; instead, programmers learned on the job with hands-on experience. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". NY 10036. Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. Only co-star Frank Morgan played more roles (five) in the film. She is best known for playing the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz.In movies, she often played older, unmarried women from New England who was extremely practical but did not enjoy jokes. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 16:40. Las mejores ofertas para THE ALEXANDER HAMILTON READER margaret esther hall - PAPERBACK estn en eBay Compara precios y caractersticas de productos nuevos y usados Muchos artculos con envo gratis!